Gold Fish Lab Report Essay Example

Gold Fish Lab Report Essay Example Gold Fish Lab Report Paper Gold Fish Lab Report Paper Respiration can be experienced through several structures such as the lungs, tracheae, gills, and integument in order to obtain oxygen. All organisms that experience respiration are either endothermic or isotherms. Isotherms are animals that depend on their environment for body temperature. These animals respond to changes in their environment in order to maintain homeostasis, the stable, internal conditions of the organism. Animals that are warm-blooded and can regulate their body temperatures internally regardless of their environment are endothermic. For isotherms, regulating body temperatures can require more work. Those aquatic animals have adapted several techniques to stay alive. Larry Scrimshaw explains that animals, both aquatic and terrestrial, seek to avoid stressful thermal environments or to compensate for the temperature change by mostly lowering the metabolic rate (1979). Lowering the metabolic rate allows certain enzymes to be produced and chemical reactions to happen within the fish that actually warms it up. While lowering metabolic rates are important, respiration regulation is also important. Stephen C. Wood also believes that isotherms need behavioral mechanisms for temperature control. These mechanisms could include slowing breathing rates to conserve energy and releasing certain chemicals into the body (1991). This brings to light the question of goldfish being isotherms or endothermic, and how the fish cope with temperature changes. These questions were the basis of the experiment. The dependent variable for this experiment was the respiration rate of the goldfish, and the independent variable was the temperature of the water. : The null hypothesis is that the water temperature will not affect the aspiration rate of the goldfish; furthermore, the change in the water temperature will not stimulate a change in the goldfishs respiration. Likewise, the alternative hypothesis suggests that a change in water temperature will affect the respiration patterns of the goldfish, and therefore cause the goldfishs breathing rates to slow down or speed up. Materials and Methods To begin, two Mimi beakers filled with Mimi of aged water were used as containment vessels. Two goldfish were then each separately placed into an individual beaker. It was decided to refer to the beakers containing the goldfish s Beaker 1 and Beaker 2. The control fish was contained by Beaker 1, and Beaker 2 contained the fish that received the experimental testing. Two separate beakers were filled, one contained ice water, and the other contained aged water. Thermometers were then used to measure and record the water temperature of the control fishs water and the temperature- stressed fishs water. Then the group members practiced counting the number of breaths each goldfish made in one minute. Goldfish breaths can be identified by each time the fish opens and closes its mouth or by the contractions of its propeller. After the breaths were identified correctly and recorded for the first temperature, ice water was added to Beaker 2 (temperature- stressed fish) until the temperature of the water decreased by ICC. Simultaneously, aged water was added to Beaker 1 (control fish) to maintain equal water levels in both of the beakers. The new temperatures were recorded and the number of breaths per minute by both fish were counted and recorded. This process was repeated five more times. Throughout the entire experiment, the water temperature in Beaker 2 ranged from ICC in the beginning to ICC at the end. Once the experiment was concluded, aged water was slowly added to the temperature- stressed fish in order to raise the temperature of its water. This helped to return its environment back to normal conditions. Results The respiration rate for the control goldfish ranged from 123 to 140 breaths per minute, which was not a significant change. On average, the cold-water treatments caused a significant decrease in breaths per minute by the end of the experiment. The average the breathing rates of goldfish subjected to temperatures less than ICC decreased from a rate of 96 breaths per minute at he start of the experiment, to 56 breaths per minute at the end (Figure 1). The experimental fish in Group #1 ranged from 115 to 50 breaths per minute. Overall, the control fishs breath rates generally remained constant, and the temperature-stressed goldfish had rates that decreased rapidly from start to finish. Figure 1. The effect of decreasing water temperature on the breathing rates of goldfish. Discussion At the conclusion of the experiment, the two hypotheses were reviewed. Because the water temperature did affect the normal respiration patterns of the oldies, the null hypothesis was disregarded and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. From the results of this experiment, it was concluded that although other environmental factors could play a minute role in the respiration rates of aquatic isotherms, temperature was a major factor. From this experiment, biologists and scientists could conclude that freshwater fish, similar to the goldfish, become inactive during the winter months due to the drop in water temperature. However, the results of the experiment were concise, but several error could have occurred. For instance, all the fish were kept in the same aquarium before and after the experiment. This could have meant that some of the fish were diseased having their respiration rates already compromised. Also, the fish did not remain calm long enough to get an accurate measurement of its respiration rates. Clearly, a more accurate experiment could have taken place had there been several more groups participating in the experiment. To further clarify the hypothesis, the experiment could have been adapted to also measure the metabolic rate of the goldfish. The fish would need to be tested for their deadness to eat in different temperatures.

PICO Question and research to answer the question Paper

PICO Question and to answer the question - Research Paper Example And based on the National Institute for Mental Health, the symptoms that the child is exhibiting are consistent with a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder or ADHD (2008). An intervention being considered for the child is to not give him any drug at all. Some studies now currently indicate that ADHD is an over-diagnosed illness, and that it is being made as an excuse to suppress normal hyperactivity in children that parents cannot manage (Rowland & Salvatore, 2001). It is possible that the child may outgrow his hyperactivity and in the meantime, other remedies may be considered for his hyperactivity. Encouraging him to engage in physical activities can also provide a more fruitful outlet for the child’s excess energy. Ritalin should not be used as the first and last resort for hyperactive children because the child may just be going through a natural phase in his life. Ritalin use carries dangerous and irreversible risks for the child. It can stunt the child’s growth, can cause nervousness and insomnia, anorexia, nausea, and abdominal pain (Ritalin Side Effects, 2003). Some experts brand it as a mind-altering drug which is being used for children who may just be naturally rambunctious and playful, not mentally unstable. In recent years, demand for Ritalin increased. Many experts are now concerned with this increase and they advocate the belief that Hyperactivity or ADHD is being over-diagnosed and Ritalin over-prescribed (Rowland & Salvatore, 2001). The alternative intervention for this child is the drug Ritalin. The mental health professional that the child’s parents consulted with recommended Ritalin for the child. The child’s parents are still deliberating whether or not drugs would be the best remedy for their child’s condition. Ritalin is the drug of choice for many ADHD sufferers in the United States. Studies reveal that about 85% of Ritalin produced is being used

Why does 'Capturing the Friedmans' divide audiences so often Is this Essay

Why does 'Capturing the Friedmans' divide audiences so often Is this the result of its subject matter or how the film presents its material - Essay Example It is a fact to state that the material of the movie is the major cause for the division of the audience. There may be slight connection to the subject matter but if the documentary had revealed the facts in accord with truth without tempering with it than the audience may have not been divided themselves in to two different perspectives (Leadership Council, 2002). However, before the paper matures in to an argument it is essential to be familiar with all details of the case. The following paper is weaved using authentic websites, documents, books, and journal articles in order to present an argument which is solid in its essence and is impressionable. However, the use of websites is in excess in order to gain insight into the minds of its audience, who holds a conflicting view either with the documentary or a conflict of view among themselves. The conflict in my opinion after extensive research, occurs due to the material of the documentary, otherwise the case stands clear (Richard Webster, 2004). From today, 25 years ago the police officials came to the doorstep of the Friedmans to arrest Arnold Friedman for sexually abusing children. Arnold was soon exposed to the charges that were levied on him due to rapping dozens of boys inside his house form his computer class that he conducted at home. Although, the police was able to find the pornographic magazines there were no other such as physical evidence, found that would stand as a solid proof of the crimes that Arnold was convicted. Moreover, the movie did not show that there were any complaints before Arnold was convicted with the crime (Leadership Council, 2002). Before the giving a verdict it is imperative to take in to consideration the way the truth was moulded and fashioned and also to consider the arguments presented by the director in order to provide a statement to the critics. It is

Enzyme catalysis lab Essay Example for Free

Enzyme catalysis lab Essay Enzyme catalysis was observed in order to analyze how changes in temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration affected an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. This experiment analyzed the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and observed the correlation between catalase activity and products formed. It was found out that the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction starts off rapidly, decreases, and levels off or completely stops, and can be further affected by environmental factors, which play a crucial role in regulating enzymes and metabolic processes. Based on this experiment and the data collected one is able to conclude that the optimal environment in which this specific catalase is able to function is around 40 °C and in a pH around 7. This type of environment allows the enzyme to function at its fullest potential and produce the maximum amount of product allotted by the implemented amount of substrate present without the hindrance of environmental factors. Introduction Background: Enzymes, most of which are proteins, have two interrelated roles. One is to act as catalysts and accelerate spontaneous biochemical reactions so they occur with sufficient rates at moderate temperatures. The other is to determine which spontaneous biochemical reactions will be accelerated out of many more possibilities present in the cell. Balance between all the reactions in metabolism is achieved in several ways, by fluctuations in substrate concentrations, by local differences in pH, by changes in enzyme concentration, and by changes in enzyme activation Purpose: Enzyme activity is influenced by many factors; both temperature and pH at which enzymes functions are extremely important. Most organisms have a preferred temperature and pH range in which they survive, and their enzymes usually function best within very narrow temperature and pH ranges. If the environment of the enzyme is too acidic, basic, or hot, the activity of the enzyme may be altered due to a change in the three-dimensional shape of the enzyme. Denaturation, the unraveling or structural changes of an enzyme, may be temporary or permanent depending on the degree of the environmental change. In either case, a denatured enzyme no longer has the shape necessary to interact with the substrate effectively to lower the activation energy. Hypotheses: 1. The hypothesis is as the temperature increases, above 40 ° C, the activity of the enzyme catalyst will increase. 2. The hypothesis for the enzyme activity with the effect of the pH is if the pH is not at the optimum pH value there will be a complete loss of enzyme activity. 3. The hypothesis is as the change in enzyme concentration increases the activity rate of the enzyme will increase if there is a proportional amount of enzyme concentration and substrate. 4. The hypothesis is as the substrate concentration has an increase so will the reaction of velocity if the amount of enzyme is kept constant. Materials: Materials can be found on page 65 in the Bio 110 lab manual. Procedures are found on pages 65 to 68 in the Bio 110 lab manual. Discussion A. In table 5.1, the data that was collected was calibrating the colorimeter. The results should have been 0.000 or 0.001 no matter how long the machine was ran for. B. In table and graph 5.2, the data collected was in a time frame of 0-5minuites and was recorded every 30 seconds. In the cuvette was distilled water and substrate mix. The data collected showed that the longer the experiment ran for the higher the absorbency rate. C. In table and graph 5.4, the data that was collected was for three different amounts of enzymes:  ½x enzyme, 1x enzyme, and 2x enzyme. The hypothesis for this experiment was the more enzyme the faster the absorbance. With the results from the test the hypothesis is true. The 1/2x enzyme was absorbed less and a lot slower then the 2x enzyme. D. In table and graph 5.6, the data collected was the effect of the amount of substrate effects on the absorbency. The data was collected every 6 seconds for 60 seconds. With  ½x substrate the absorbance was the slowest. At 1x substrate the absorbance was the fast, and at 2x substrate the absorbance was in the middle. E. In table and graph 5.8, the data collected was to see how the effects of temperature played an effect on the absorbency. Ice water (4 °c) the absorbance rate was very slow. Room temperature (22 °c) was the normal rate of absorbance. Body temperature (37 °c) had the highest absorbance rate, and boiling water (100 °c) the protein was denatured giving no results. F. In table and graph 5.10, the data collected was to see how the effect of pH affects the absorbance. With the pH2 no reaction happened because pH2 is not a good match, pH7 had the highest absorbance. Ph10 was denatured, pH5 was absorbed but slowly and, pH8 was also absorbed but was absorbed the slowest. G. In table and graph 5.12 we added an inhibitor to see what the effects would be. With the inhibitor added the absorbance rate slow but did increase. Literature Cited Vital Health, Inc. Introduces a Digestive Enzyme for Children, MyZymes. SFGate. N.p., 23 Oct. 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. http://www.sfgate.com/business/prweb/article/Vital-Health-Inc-Introduces-a-Digestive-Enzyme-3973438.php. Kilbourne, Jennifer, and Laurie Montgomery. Laboratory Investigations for Bio 1110. Second ed. Dubuque: Kendall Hunt, 2011. Print. Relevance Digestive Enzyme for Children Vital Health Inc. has introduced a new vitamin called MyZymes, a chewable digestive enzyme for children. This helps the body gain nutrients from food and plays an essential role in facilitating absorption. They are a highly effective digestive enzyme product because it contains a higher activity level of protease, amylase, lipase, cellulose and also includes six other enzymes. The higher activity levels assists in digesting more proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fiber. Enzymes are one of the most essential elements in our body. Enzymes are energized protein molecules found in all living cells. They catalyze and regulate all biochemical reactions that occur within our body. Enzymes also play a part in digestion. They break down proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fiber making it possible to utilize the nutrients found in those foods while removing the toxins. Digestive enzyme supplements help you digest your meals more efficiently and deliver the nutrients from your food to your body. The supplemental digestive enzymes will break down food, thus saving the body from having to release as many of its own enzymes. This allows the body to devote its attention to supplying more metabolic enzymes so the organs and tissues can carry on their daily work. Enzyme supplements are clinically proven to reduce the effects of bloating, gas, occasional heartburn and occasional acid reflux.

Credit Bureau Fraud Letter :: essays research papers

Attention: Consumer Relations; Complaint/Information Services I recently obtained a copy of my credit report from your service and have found the following items to be in error. Item #1: I dispute visa account #4778522641258665, being held in collection with enter company name. I have settled this account with this firm and would like my records adjusted accordingly. Item #2: I dispute mastercard account #5421234565128754. My credit limit was only $300. I have no idea how it is possible for me to be in collections for over $1500.My account was closed way before an amount of that nature to accrue. Item #3: I dispute Smith, Robert MD 2140 16th ST N, New York, NY 02451 Ph.# (618) 845-2547 patient # 74586 held in collections with Collection Services 1-800-278-6886 account # 74586. I went for an initial visit to discuss a problem, which was covered by my insurance. A deductible of $250 was charged for services never rendered and late fees to a total of over $500. This requested payment is false and I dispute its validity. Item #4: I dispute Department Card showing account is inactive I was told it was closed and request all information removed about payment history etc. According to Section 611 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, I am requesting that you investigate those items indicated, and promptly delete any unverifiable, inaccurate, or outdated information from my credit report. In addition, I am requesting a description of how the investigation was conducted along with the name, address, and telephone number of anyone contacted for information. Furthermore, if there is a change in my credit history resulting from your investigation, I am requesting that an updated report be sent to those who received my report, within the last two years for employment purposes, or

Brand new adventure park Essay

Afan Valley Adventure Park is a brand new adventure park opening soon in Afan Valley South Wales. The park is home to many exhilarating rides, but not only thrill seekers will enjoy Afan Valley, as there is a large on site petting zoo for the youngsters. Afan Valley is also home to one of the biggest wooden roller coasters on Britain! It’s loops and hoops will make you dizzy with excitement just looking at it! But Afan Valley does not just cater for the thrill seekers of the family, under 5’s can enjoy the gentler pace of our tree tops kiddies roller coaster or our Teletubbies flying aeroplanes. After all the excitement of the rides you can relax in one of our many bar/restaurants while the kids play safely in one of our supervised cri ches. You can also take an after dinner stroll on one of our scenic country walks, which we have proudly been awarded the David Bellamy Gold award for conservation. There are many items available to hire at A. V. A. P for a small fee, such as mountain bikes, children’s buggies and hiking boots. These are available to reserve before you arrive at the park. Included on the following pages is an application form for membership to Afan Valley. There are many benefits of becoming a member for the very reasonable fee of i 15 a month. You will receive a regular newsletter telling you about all of the up dated facilities and new rides and also included will be a map of the park, for you to find your way around. Another special benefit of becoming a member is free entry to the park as much as you want and also free car parking. So all you have to pay is the once a month payment of i 15. I intend to use the database to sort members into different categories and to find contact numbers easily. I also want to use the database to sort for members who have not paid their subscriptions.

Perception Essay - 533 Words

PERCEPTION Perception is defined as how you look at others and the world around you. Being able to select, organize and intercept information starts the perceptual process. Perception affects the way people communicate with others. An individual’s pattern of thinking can affect their perception of others. Most people communicate best with people of similar cultures. The articles that I read discussed Social Perception. Social Perception was described as interpreting information about other people. If you feel that you are familiar with a person, you perceive to have a better understanding of that person intention. The pattern of thinking can affect a person’s perception of others. The social contexts, in which you meet someone, can play a†¦show more content†¦(3) First Impression error allows a lasting impression to be formed based on an initial meeting. This can be positive or negative. If you are going to a job interview and the interviewer sees your appearance is neat and you are prepared of the interview, this could determine whether or not you are chosen for the job. On the other hand if the interviewer sees that you are not dressed appropriately for the interview and are unprepared this could also be a determining factor in whether or not you get the job. (4) Projection allows believe that other people have similar beliefs. If you are a person who believes that all people are honest and truthful, projection is the belief that others share the same truthfulness and honesty, and we know that is not true. (5) Self- Fulfilling prophecy affects the outcome of expectations while interacting with others. An, example of this is President Bush convinced Congress that invading Iraq would liberate the country and make the world a safer place, without knowing that it would make the Iraqi rebels feel that we were occupying their country and trying to take control the oil. Comparing ourselves to others to see how we measure up and using past experiences can effect perceptions that we have with others. There are many processes that influence perception. Consciously deciding what information to pay attention to can influence many decisions we make. Understanding different cultures andShow MoreRelatedPerception And Perception Of Perception1727 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween people cause many problems which is relevant to a concept called perception. In this essay, the concept of perception will be described through academic definitions and knowledge also with practical examples. The main objective is to provide readers with a better on what perception is, why it is important to the study of Organization Behaviour (OB) and the effects and implications of it onto managers’ job. Perception is defined as the process in which perceivers give meaning to the thingsRead MorePerception And Perception Of Perception882 Words   |  4 Pages Perception has a few definitions; the most frequently used definition is what we become aware of through our senses. However, perception is not just what our senses tell us, it is our reaction to the feelings we sense. Perception just happens; it is something we cannot control. The mind tells us how we feel before we even realize what is happening. When people say they are good judges of character, they base their decisions on what they initially see. Appearance plays a huge role in howRead MorePerception And Perception Of Perception848 Words   |  4 Pagesbackgrounds, and traits of the self. However, before we get to know a person, we use perception to categorize them into a certain role. It often causes us to assume that the other party is superior or inferior to us. We do this more often than not without even realizing we’ve engaged in perception. Perception played a very large part in the first meeting of my best friend, Cinda, and I. In Chapter 4: Interpersonal Perception (Floyd, 2011), there are many examples of the ways in which people instantlyRead MorePerception And Perception Of Perception1053 Words   |  5 Pagescaptivates you. Since the very moment that this tree captured your attention, perception has been at work. Perception has allowed for you to interpret this one particular occurrence and, in turn, experience life. The process of perception helps us to experience the world at large. It is our perceptions that make up our conscious experience and make it possible for us to interact with the people and objects that surround us. Perception, in psychological terms, can be defined as the process of organizing,Read MorePerception And Perception Of Perception1154 Words   |  5 PagesTo know how perception interacts with the brain to create reality we first have to better understand perception. Perception is the active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses. Perception is an important part of creating reality because, your reality is determined by your memories, beliefs, culture, life experiences, as well as your senses and perception. Although sensation and perception work together to help create our reality theyRead MorePerception And Perception Of Perception Essay1959 Words   |  8 PagesPerception serves more than one purpose to the human experience. Wikipedia defines Perception as - the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment. This definition unfortunately d escribes only one of the services perception provides. I would like to offer instead the definition - Perception is a collection of data filters, some natural but most created by education and experience, which serve to shape and enforce limitsRead MorePerception And Perception Of Perception Checking942 Words   |  4 PagesPerception Checking Perception checking is a cooperative approach to communication that provides accuracy instead of assuming our first interpretation is correct. It minimizes defensiveness through face saving and requires both nonverbal and verbal elements to match. The benefits of perception checking is to help us have a better understanding of a message, so both persons can mutually relate and to reduce conflict so we don t jump to conclusions. In the perception process reality is constructedRead MorePerception And Perception Of The World875 Words   |  4 PagesPerception of the world around, as well as the perception of mind, is a very complex notion to grasp. Epistemology is the study of knowledge, with regard to methods, as well as what differentiates belief from opinion. This study is especially important when discussing DharmakÄ «rti and knowing where his concern resides. DharmakÄ «rti, a 7th-century Buddhist scholar and founder of philosophical logic in India, was very concerned with how w e perceive things to how we interpret them into knowledge. ForRead MorePerception Of Perception And Presentation995 Words   |  4 Pages1. A relatively famous, but unattributed quote is, â€Å"Perception is Reality.† Do you agree with this? What implications does this concept have on managing others? View the short video posted and comment on the impact of perception and presentation. How might this impact the way in which managers present tasks/rewards, etc. to subordinates? I completely agree with the quote â€Å"perception is reality†. The Oxford Dictionary definition of reality: â€Å"a thing that is actually experienced or seen†. Reality isRead MorePerceptions1026 Words   |  5 PagesWhy are the perceptions you have of your skills usually different from the perceptions that others have of your skills Why Do Differences in Perception Occur? The way you sense the world—the way you see, hear, smell, touch, and taste—is subjective, uniquely your own. Nobody else sees the world the way you do, and nobody experiences events exactly as you do. The uniqueness of human experience is based largely on differences in perception—â€Å"the process of becoming aware of objects and events